David Brooks writes today about a new book about American education and parenting skills. The author argues that family environment is a much better determinant of future success than anything a school can dish out.

In “Schools, Skills and Synapses,” Heckman probes the sources of that decline. It’s not falling school quality, he argues. Nor is it primarily a shortage of funding or rising college tuition costs. Instead, Heckman directs attention at family environments, which have deteriorated over the past 40 years.

Heckman points out that big gaps in educational attainment are present at age 5. Some children are bathed in an atmosphere that promotes human capital development and, increasingly, more are not. By 5, it is possible to predict, with depressing accuracy, who will complete high school and college and who won’t.

I.Q. matters, but Heckman points to equally important traits that start and then build from those early years: motivation levels, emotional stability, self-control and sociability. He uses common sense to intuit what these traits are, but on this subject economists have a lot to learn from developmental psychologists.

Brooks always writes about stuff that we’re talking about at home, which is one of the reasons that I regularly read him.

We live in an economically and socially diverse neighborhood and packed in rather tight to each other, so it makes comparing/contrasting rather easy. During the summertime, when the parents are entirely on their own, the differences are even more stark.

In some homes, the kids are sent to summer camps or swim lessons early in the morning. The parents establish routines, keep bedtime hours, supervise outside play, and take the kids on trips to mall or the beach or the swim club. In other families, the academically struggling kids are allowed to skip summer school classes, are in no activities, sleep until noon, and never leave their homes. There are no books in the house. They curse up a storm. They have hours and hours of free time where they absentmindedly throw rocks at a fence. Broken toys litter the backyard and new ones are provided freely. The kids power up on sugar cereal all day. The parents are overwhelmed and stressed. In one case, a parent was told by the school that her nine year old will never go to college, so she’s entirely given up.

And, yes, it is very clear who’s going to college and who’s going to end up as a pole dancer.

What’s to be done about those gaps in parenting skills? The parents aren’t crack addicts, so social services will never get involved. This is where the schools have to step in. They have to level out these differences. All day nursery schools. Free books for toddlers.Towns need to offer parenting classes and organize babysitting cooperatives. Churches have to organize parent groups.

Brooks says that this book offers evidence that family environment has deteriorated over the past 40 years, but doesn’t give more info. I’m going to have to check out this book.